September 14, 2012
Studies offer ‘panoramic view’ of lung cancer
From Nature:
Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other form of cancer. About 1.6 million people worldwide are diagnosed with the disease each year, with fewer than 20% still alive five years later. Now a trio of genome-sequencing studies published this week1–3 is laying the groundwork for more effective personalized treatment of lung cancers, in which patients are matched with therapies that best suit the particular genetic characteristics of their tumours. Two of the latest studies profiled the genomes of tissue samples from 178 patients with lung squamous cell carcinomas1 and 183 with lung adenocarcinomas2, the largest genomic studies so far performed for these diseases. A third study carried out more in-depth analyses of 17 lung tumours to compare the genomes of smokers and patients who had never smoked3.
...The studies reveal new categories of mutations and also show a striking difference between lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers, with smokers’ tumours exhibiting several times the number of mutations as well as different kinds of mutations. Non-smokers were likely to have mutations in genes such as EGFR and ALK, which can already be specifically targeted with existing drugs. Smokers were particularly likely to have damage in genes involved in DNA repair as well as other characteristic mutations. “These genomes are battle-scarred by carcinogen exposure,” says Govindan. In addition, the patterns of mutations found in lung squamous cell carcinoma more closely resemble those seen in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck than those in other lung cancers. That finding adds further weight to the idea that classifying tumours by their molecular profiles, rather than their sites of origin, will be more effective in picking the right drugs to treat them. Perhaps, for instance, a drug approved for treating breast cancer could be tried in a lung cancer if both carry similar mutations. And mutations implicated in other cancers did show up in the lung cancers.
More here.
Posted by Azra Raza at 06:59 AM | Permalink
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Astronomy vs Cancer
I think a good analogy to illustrate the foolishness of this current complicated, incomprehensible genetics cancer nonsense, which also violates the long proved law of parsimony in science, comes from the long time it took to understand the motions of the planets in Astronomy.
The early view of Aristotle and Ptolemy held that the earth was the center of things, that the planets moved in circular orbits about it, and that all planets were made of the same substance. This led to a very ingenious way of “explaining” the planetary motions called epicycles. Indeed it worked quite well but was very complicated, unlike the genetics cancer theory which is very complicated and dismally fails most of the time.
In fact, the complexity of the observed motions of the planets from our earth can be compared to the complexity of all the various different types of cancer cells in the hundred or so organs of the human body when viewed in the nonsensical way of the prejudiced cancer generals of the failed war on cancer, where each organ is speculated to be a different cancer. Both problems appear intractable at first blush.
After many centuries, along comes a genius level scientist Nicholas Copernicus who altered one of the assumptions above. While he retained the second two assumptions, he made the bold change that instead of revolving around the earth, the planets revolved around the Sun. This still did not get rid of epicycles since the circular orbits were retained in his model.
About a century later, along comes Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler and Issac Newton. The results of very detailed and carefully measured data by Brahe and Kepler led to Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.
The other genius level scientist Issac Newton then discovered the unifying principles which could explain all the observed data precisely; namely, the universal law of gravitation and the laws of mechanics. We now know that this led to the abandonment of the second two assumptions in favor of planetary motions being in general conic sections which led to circles and ellipses for bound systems and hyperbolas and parabolas for unbound systems. In other words, all that very complicated and apparently disjoint, unintelligible experimental data from the planets is totally comprehensible from a single force law and a single law of motion; namely the universal law of gravitation that any two planets attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, multiplied times a universal constant called the gravitational constant, which is the same every where in the universe and independent of time.
The planetary motions are then precisely described by solving the equation force equals mass times acceleration. That’s it!
The ignorant cancer generals are at the level of Ptolemy and Aristotle in medicine instead of physics. They are so ignorant they don’t know or have not read or don’t want to read the experiments and facts of another genius level scientist by the name of Otto Warburg, M.D, Ph.D. (1883-1970) who has already discovered the unifying principle which controls the change of all normal cells to cancerous ones, and which experiments and facts have not been disputed in writing by the gutless cancer generals who blatantly ignore and disregard them.
First, all normal cells metabolize by obtaining their energy from oxygen. All cancer cells metabolize mainly from obtaining their energy without oxygen from glucose, or fermentation. Cancer is caused by oxygen deficiency over a long period of time or respiratory impairment or the wrong energy supply. Yes, normal cells run on glucose in the presence of oxygen for short periods of time, but it is not normal for them to do so in the absence of oxygen for long periods of time. This is an abnormal process and gives rise to the disease condition called cancer or uncontrolled growth just like other fermenting organisms grow uncontrollably In fact, Warburg was so intelligent he was able to see that all cancer is is a reversion back to the situation on earth before the appearance of oxygen when only fermenting organisms comprised the lowest forms of life on earth a totally enlightening discovery but ignored or likely not understood by the prejudiced and ignorant cancer generals who might be likened to the ignorant people in the Catholic Church centuries ago who sought to torture Galileo and Copernicus for their seminal discoveries which changed the view of the world.
The ignorant cancer generals have ignored and dismissed the above facts in favor of a very complicated speculated theory which is promoted by the federal government FDA and NIH and NCI and the ignorant and prejudiced cancer generals which dole out the money to study this worthless garbage which has failed so miserably and dismally now for so many years, and caused so much human suffering.
The cancer generals have squandered over one hundred billion dollars on cancer research, but all they have are lame excuses. They cannot even tell you what cancer is, let alone how to cure and prevent it in the human body. All of their mostly worthless treatments are life threatening so they likely are responsible for the roughly 1500 deaths per day in the U.S. of patients under treatment by these quacks for cancer, but they are never prosecuted or even charged in court for their willful misconduct and disregard for the dictum “do no harm”. The cancer generals must be fired and prosecuted for scientific misconduct, fraud, medical quackery and crimes against humanity.
The cancer generals have it wrong. Otto Warburg discovered the unifying principle in cancer almost a century ago, just like Issac Newton discovered the unifying principle in planetary motion some 4 centuries ago. Cancer is not hundreds of diseases, one for every organ of the body, but one disease; oxygen deficiency over a long period of time. This relatively simple concept describes cancer just like Newton’s laws provides the concept for understanding the complexity of the planetary motions throughout the universe. Shame, shame , shame on the cancer generals who have been corrupted by the big money of the pharmaceutical companies which have corrupted almost all medicine today, just as the powerful dogma of the Catholic Church formerly corrupted all of science in the days of Galileo Galilei. The corrupt cancer generals learned little from any history classes they took in high school or anywhere else.
References: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/retrograde/copernican.html
“The Hidden Story of Cancer”, Brian Peskin, Pinnacle Press, Houston, 2006. This book has a whole chapter and an appendix proving that cancer is not genetically caused.
The cancer generals continue to get nowhere because they prejudicially continue to ignore the seminal discoveries of Otto Warburg M.D., Ph.D., just as if Newton had prejudicially ignored the work or Brahe and Kepler we still likely wouldn’t understand planetary motions either. This is why the cancer generals must be fired and prosecuted for fraud, medical quackery and scientific misconduct and crimes against humanity.
Winfield J. Abbe, Ph.D., Physics
Posted by: w.j.abbe | Sep 18, 2012 11:31:16 AM
“The best physical and chemical methods, however, would not have been able to advance cell physiology, had they not been combined with a simplification of the biological technique. Instead of measuring the flow of blood through the surviving organs, the use of thin tissue slices and of single cells was introduced. Red blood cells-nonnucleated from mammals, and nucleated from birds-were the first materials used to investigate the chemical mechanism of cell respiration. Instead of using green leaves to study photosynthesis, unicellular green algae were introduced; the algae were sometimes replaced by the green grana of spinach chloroplasts or the even smaller green grana of Chlorella produced by exposure to sound waves. In the investigation of cancer cells, ascites cancer cells were substituted for tumours; whole animal cells were replaced by grana of liver cells as early as 1914. In all this experimentation it was always our aim to simplify techniques and to attain a speed and precision comparable to the methods of volumetric chemical analysis. With complicated methods we have never discovered anything significant.”
Otto Warburg, M.D., Ph.D., three time Nobel Prize nominee, 1926, 1931, 1944 for three different pieces of work; cancer, cell respiration and identification of the flavins and of nicotinamide as hydrogen carriers in biological oxidations; three pupils awarded Nobel Prizes in medicine; Otto Meyeroff, Hugo Theorell and Hans Krebs. Only one Nobel Prize was actually awarded in 1931. Page 49 above reference.
Quoted from “Otto Warburg Cell Physiologist Biochemist and Eccentric” by Hans Krebs, M.D. and Roswitha Schmidt, Ph.D., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1981, page 70.
Obviously the genius in Germany Otto Warburg rigorously followed the well established law of parsimony in science. This is partly why he was so successful and made so many seminal discoveries in cell physiology. Isn’t it a shame the cancer generals either forgot, or never learned, the law of parsimony in science?
Posted by: w.j.abbe | Sep 18, 2012 12:28:10 PM
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