August 07, 2012
The morality of drone warfare revisited
NOTE: Bradley Strawser has written to me and strongly protested the way he was portrayed in this article. He is making a formal complaint to the independent ombudsman at The Guardian and has also published this op-ed to correct some of what he feels are misrepresentations of his views. --Abbas Raza
Bradley Strawser in The Guardian:
In the contentious debate over drone warfare, it is necessary to separate US government policy from the broader moral question of killing by aerial robots. The policy question deserves vigorous debate by legal scholars, policy experts, and diplomats. The moral question posed by this new form of remote warfare is more abstract and has only recently begun to receive critical examination by philosophers and ethicists.
The Guardian has attempted to feature the distinct moral and philosophical side of this issue, and a recent story profiled my own views on the topic. Unfortunately – if understandably, given the complexities of the matter – I consider some of my views were misrepresented. Most disturbingly, I was reported to claim that "there's no downside" to killing by drones. In fact, the majority of my work on drones is dedicated to elucidating and analyzing the serious moral downsides that killing by remote control can pose. The Guardian has graciously offered me this space to set the record straight.
My view is this: drones can be a morally preferable weapon of war if they are capable of being more discriminate than other weapons that are less precise and expose their operators to greater risk. Of course, killing is lamentable at any time or place, be it in war or any context. But if a military action is morally justified, we are also morally bound to ensure that it is carried out with as little harm to innocent people as possible.
More here.
Posted by S. Abbas Raza at 11:58 AM | Permalink






















Comments
Memories, memories...
We have come so far over the last seven years.
http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/2005/03/maximum_pain_is.html
"...in the arts of life man invents nothing; but in the arts of death he outdoes Nature herself, and produces by chemistry and machinery all the slaughter of plague, pestilence, and famine....when he goes out to slay, he carries a marvel of mechanism that lets loose at the touch of his finger all the hidden molecular energies, and leaves the javelin, the arrow, the blowpipe of his fathers far behind...."
Posted by: John Ballard | Aug 7, 2012 1:51:53 PM
Glad to see I wasn't the only one who thinks Mr. Strawser has made a deal with the devil. His dissembling isn't helping his case either. But he is at the beginning of a long and industrious career justifying atrocities. I'm sure he will get the hang of it soon.
Posted by: Galit Alon | Aug 7, 2012 3:55:56 PM
"But if a military action is morally justified, we are also morally bound to ensure that it is carried out with as little harm to innocent people as possible."
Is a military action ever NOT morally justified by the nation perpetrating it? I don't understand this argument. Everyone thinks they are morally justified, so this seems to be a moot point. The Khmer Rouge thought they were morally justified. The Serbs thought they were morally justified. The Israeli's think they are morally justified.
Posted by: REET | Aug 7, 2012 4:01:02 PM
@Galit: in what did Strawser dissemble?
@REET: I don't understand your argument. If moral justification is always a moot point, what is the point of considering the moral permissibility of drones, or of anything else? You're employing morally loaded language ("perpetrated", for example), but then denying that moral justification has any meaning.
Posted by: Matt_M | Aug 7, 2012 5:13:28 PM
REET is correct. Anyone who engages in warfare does so with the backing of his conscience. However there is a simple, if difficult, objective standard to determine if a belligerent is right or wrong: self defense.
Using drones to shoot at weddings and funerals from the comfort of an air conditioned room half a world away hardly seems to imply the shooter is fighting for his own existence.
Posted by: The Clock | Aug 7, 2012 6:40:06 PM
Go crawl up your ass some more. That's where the answer is, you garden-variety Derridean. Every word can be seen as morally loaded if you look close enough. By your terms no one should say anything. We should just all be quiet and give our assent. I know your game. Piss off.
Posted by: REET | Aug 7, 2012 6:40:39 PM
^ Now there is no need to be hostile, REET. We're just trying to have a discussion here. Take a time out and control yourself. It does your argument no favors to sling the ad homimems around. It makes you look childish.
Posted by: Galit Alon | Aug 7, 2012 6:44:00 PM
Piss off, Galit. The time for civilized discourse about these issues is over. Now it's a matter of survival. Debating begets debating. And meanwhile WOMEN and CHILDREN die, randomly, for no reason. Have some of you forgotten that there are lives at stake? Has everyone lost their fucking humanity?
Posted by: REET | Aug 7, 2012 6:46:40 PM
Dear REET, I can appreciate your passion on the issue of innocents dying in war. However, throughout history, innocents have always died in war. The choice of weapons has made little difference to this fact.
What is new is the ability to carryout long distance killing. Death by machine makes the killing easier. When you must kill with a knife or bayonet, able to look your enemy in the face, feel his breath...it is VERY hard indeed. Many soldiers are traumatized by the short range brutality of this type of warfare.
When you kill from a distance, via drone, there is non of this hesitation and trauma (for the killer). The killer has been separated from his victim. The killing is depersonalized.
What long distance killings do is remove the most powerful disincentives to waging war: face-to-face killing, seeing the consequences of your killing and the chance of being killed yourself. Hence, governments will hesitate less to use deadly force against people it deems "unsuitable". This I see as the major threat of drones.
I recommend revisiting David Grossman's "On Killing." He specifically discusses this phenomenon.
I also believe "Star Trek, the original series" had an episode that treated this question to some extent, as well. (Season 1: A Taste of Armageddon)
Posted by: Bill | Aug 8, 2012 4:43:14 AM
Wow, REET.
People are dying. It is fucked. Agreed, yes?
Blasting somebody about it on the internet while completely ignoring their point of view or query or what have you would be amusingly ironic if it had occurred over a different subject. Witnessing it here is irony of the more depressing variety.
In other words: settle down and talk it out buddy.
Posted by: DrunktankDan | Aug 8, 2012 5:22:40 AM
REET, I am not here to engage the substance of your argument, only to warn you that any future use of abusive language toward other commenters here will get you banned from commenting at 3QD. Enjoy the California summer!
Posted by: Abbas Raza | Aug 8, 2012 5:41:35 AM
Any other way to annihilate the targeted enemy ( bombardments, airstrikes, special commandos units) is more costly in effort, manpower, innocent bystanders killed and is putting in danger your own soldiers. The war is a crime of course and to kill people is a dirty bestial affair.
However the drone warfare is war of the future and people has to become used with the new look of war; the moral debate is remembering me the samurais that protested that swords and arrows were replaced by firearms.
Let's not forget that the war with swords and arrows was bloody and bestial with the same number of victims as the war with firearms and guns.
Someone here think that the time of wars ended? and that what was the our history of war from the killing ape till our days is no more?
The next war will be fought by drones and the drones put the same moral problems as the long English bows in the battles of Crecy and Agincourt or the long range gun in WWI: the moral problem of the better and modern weapons.
Make peace because this is war, where efficacity replaces morality.
Posted by: mirel | Aug 8, 2012 6:48:04 AM
I get Strawser's point, but sense a double standard. Many tactics that are precise and shield their operators--or rather perpetrators--from risk are nonetheless generally condemned as terroristic and unjustifiable (e.g. car bombs, improvised explosive devices).
If one accepts Strawser's claim that assassinating enemies by dropping guided bombs on them might be justified in certain circumstances, consistency demands that similarly precise low risk tactics can also sometimes be justified.
Conversely, if we unconditionally condemn that sort of thing we must also condemn the drone program for similar reasons.
Posted by: JoshM | Aug 8, 2012 9:21:45 AM
"Many tactics that are precise and shield their operators--or rather perpetrators--from risk are nonetheless generally condemned as terroristic and unjustifiable (e.g. car bombs, improvised explosive devices)."
This seems to miss the point completely. Car bombs and IEDs typically blow up civilian bystanders. If they are somehow targeted against troops, then they're legitimate (albeit strongly disliked by said troops). It's their use against civilians ("38 Die in Iraqi Market," etc.) that is morally objectionable.
Strawser's point about drones is that, used properly, they can actually minimize civilian ("collateral") deaths.
In WW2, we burned down cities, allegedly to destroy a few military targets, because that was as nearly as we could target them. (Leave aside for the moment ample evidence that terror and civilians' death were the real goals.)
Now we can target much more accurately than before. That is a good thing, militarily speaking. If you're against the use of force, period, then it won't excite you quite as much -- but the prospect of minimizing civilian deaths in warfare should strike everyone as an advance.
Posted by: Anderson | Aug 8, 2012 11:20:27 AM
Wowser!! Mr. Stawser is sure thin skinned about being criticised-about clever musings about the ethics of human beings being bombed but thick skinned about humans beings being bombed.
Posted by: Maniza | Aug 8, 2012 2:40:10 PM
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/al-aulaqi-v-panetta
Posted by: Louise Gordon | Aug 8, 2012 3:06:08 PM
Whoa, how did Abbas know REET was in CA? Do you know where everybody is commenting from? IP addresses or something. . .
Does that mean Abbas knew where the donations were coming from a while back?
And the California summer has been wonderful so far, at least here in Santa Cruz. (I don't know where REET's at though)
Posted by: DrunktankDan | Aug 8, 2012 8:38:55 PM
I knew it wouldn't be long before we would have "philosophers" and puppets of other kinds popping up on comment threads to defend the indefensible. This is an Achilles' Heel if ever there was one and I'm sure all involved will go the extra mile to spin the best possible defence. There is no debate. Murdering-by-drone is depraved and cowardly. It is adding to the catalog of American enemies by the day and spreading revulsion on the part of those who would rather dig deep for reasons to cut Obama some slack. This is a huge mistake. How many innocent women and children have been killed... hundreds by some estimates. Their faces should be on the web along with personal info so we can put a face on the human collateral damage.
Posted by: j_93 | Aug 9, 2012 2:33:51 PM
I'm sorry if I offended anyone with my language. I have a hard time controlling my emotions when I get upset, which is a tautology, I know, but there it is. I don't know why this subject has gotten me so worked up. I just find the whole thing disgusting. Short of armed revolt, I don't know what I, as an American citizen, can do to get my government and their corporate backers from murdering innocent people. I am at a loss. Voting doesn't seem to work. I don't know what will. I feel powerless, and then to know that there are well-educated people like Strawser doing the dirty work for the military, it gets me frustrated beyond belief. If I believed in a higher power I would pray for the soul of my country, but I feel even that wouldn't work, as we are too far past the point of no return, as well as other cliches. I am defeated. I beg the rest of the world to not judge us - US citizens - too harshly when the time comes. And it will come.
Posted by: REET | Aug 9, 2012 6:49:06 PM
How does one best deal with injustice?
http://youtu.be/iUGEfD17mRA
Posted by: John Ballard | Aug 9, 2012 9:07:14 PM
Post a comment